Introduction
For firearm enthusiasts, curio and relic (C&R) collectors, and history lovers, the process of legally collecting special-category firearms can feel confusing. Two terms that often appear together are ffl03 coe—especially for collectors in California. While each document serves a different purpose, they work hand-in-hand to provide a smoother, more compliant firearm-collecting experience.
This article explains everything you need to know about the FFL03 license, the California COE, how they work together, their benefits, and what you must do to obtain and maintain them.
What Is an FFL03 License?
The term FFL stands for Federal Firearms License, issued by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). These licenses come in several types, each allowing different activities related to firearms.
FFL03, also known as the Curio & Relic (C&R) License, is specifically designed for collectors, not dealers.
What qualifies as a Curio & Relic Firearm?
A firearm is considered C&R if it meets one of the following criteria:
- It is at least 50 years old, excluding replicas
- It is certified by the ATF as historically valuable
- It has significant museum or collector interest
This category often includes vintage rifles, World War firearms, and classic handguns that appeal to historical collectors.
What does an FFL03 allow you to do?
An FFL03 license lets you:
- Acquire Curio & Relic firearms directly across state lines
- Receive C&R firearms shipped to your home, depending on state laws
- Maintain a bound book (C&R acquisition log)
An important detail: FFL03 is NOT a dealer’s license. It does not allow commercial firearm sales or running a gun-selling business.
What Is a COE in California?
A Certificate of Eligibility (COE) is issued by the California Department of Justice (DOJ). It confirms that the holder has passed a background check and is legally eligible to possess firearms.
Why is a COE important?
In California, the COE is used to:
- Demonstrate that you are not prohibited from owning firearms
- Allow certain exemptions in combination with other licenses (like FFL03)
- Work in firearm retail environments or perform firearm-related jobs
For collectors, the COE plays a crucial role when paired with an FFL03.
How FFL03 and COE Work Together in California
California has strict firearm laws that limit how firearms can be purchased, transferred, or shipped. For collectors, the FFL03 alone does not provide the same benefits it does in many other states.
However, when combined with a valid COE, collectors unlock special privileges.
Main benefits of holding both FFL03 and COE:
1. Exemption from the 10-Day Waiting Period
Normally, California requires a 10-day waiting period for firearm transfers.
But an FFL03 + COE holder can take possession immediately, as long as all other legal requirements are met.
2. Exemption from the One-Gun-Per-30-Days Rule (for C&R firearms)
California restricts most buyers from purchasing more than one handgun or semi-automatic centerfire rifle every 30 days.
With an FFL03 + COE combo, you are exempt from this limit—but only for C&R firearms.
3. Ability to Import C&R Firearms into California
Normally, interstate transfers require going through a California FFL dealer.
With an FFL03 + COE, you can directly acquire C&R firearms from out of state, within the legal framework.
What this combination does NOT allow
- You cannot buy modern firearms online and ship them home
- You cannot operate as a firearm dealer
- You must follow ALL California restrictions on regulated firearms
The combo is powerful—but only within its intended limits.
Step-by-Step Guide to Getting Your FFL03
Obtaining an FFL03 is surprisingly simple compared to other types of firearm licenses.
1. Get the ATF Form 7CR (Application)
This form is available directly from the ATF website.
2. Complete the application
You must provide:
- Personal information
- Address where firearms will be stored
- Certification that you’re not prohibited from owning firearms
3. Send a copy to your local Chief Law Enforcement Officer (CLEO)
This is usually your county sheriff or police chief.
You do not need approval from them; the ATF only requires notification.
4. Mail the application to the ATF with the fee
The FFL03 costs $30 and lasts for 3 years.
5. Wait for approval
Typical approval time ranges from 4 to 8 weeks.
Once approved, you can start collecting C&R firearms.
How to Apply for a COE in California
Getting a COE involves more steps because California requires fingerprinting and state-level background checks.
1. Create an account on the CFARS (California Firearms Application Reporting System)
This is where you submit your COE application.
2. Complete Live Scan fingerprinting
You must use an authorized Live Scan location.
Keep your ATI number (tracking ID) for the application.
3. Submit your application in CFARS
Upload necessary documents and pay the fee (usually around $22 plus Live Scan costs).
4. Renewal
A COE must be renewed every year, unlike the FFL03.
Benefits of FFL03 COE for Collectors
Collectors who combine both documents enjoy several advantages, especially in California’s restrictive environment.
1. Faster and Smoother C&R Acquisitions
No waiting period, no monthly limits, and simplified transfers make collecting much easier.
2. Ability to Grow a Historical Collection Legally
The combination provides a framework that respects both federal and state laws.
3. Increased Access to Rare Firearms
You can legally receive:
- Antique rifles
- WWII surplus weapons
- Classic revolvers
- Historical firearms from auctions or private sellers
4. Enhanced Compliance and Credibility
Having both licenses shows:
- You are a responsible collector
- You follow strict storage and record-keeping rules
- You maintain transparency and legal compliance
Record-Keeping Requirements
With an FFL03, you must maintain a bound book, which logs:
- Date acquired
- Name and address (or FFL number) of the seller
- Description of the firearm
- Date transferred (if applicable)
Unlike dealer FFLs, your book is not open to routine inspections, except under specific conditions related to criminal investigations.
Renewing and Maintaining Your Licenses
FFL03 Renewal
- Every 3 years
- Renewal cost: $30
- ATF typically sends reminders, but you should track your expiration date
COE Renewal
- Yearly, through CFARS
- Requires a new background check
Keeping both active ensures your privileges remain uninterrupted.
Is the FFL03 COE Combo Worth It?
For casual gun owners, the process may seem unnecessary.
But for serious collectors—or anyone who wants to legally and efficiently collect historical firearms—the combination is extremely valuable.
You benefit from:
- Faster acquisitions
- Fewer restrictions
- Access to out-of-state C&R firearms
- Strong legal protection
Conclusion
The FFL03 COE combination provides one of the most powerful, legal, and efficient ways for firearm collectors—especially in California—to build and preserve a historical collection. While each license serves a different purpose, together they offer significant freedom within a heavily regulated environment.
If you’re passionate about historical firearms, enjoy the thrill of collecting, and want to ensure full legal compliance, obtaining your FFL03 and COE is a smart investment that will make your collecting journey smoother, safer, and far more rewarding.
